n this article, we summarize results from the ongoing phase 3 CheckMate 76K clinical study published online in Nature Medicine in October 2023. The study goal was to learn whether nivolumab works as an adjuvant therapy (that is, helps to keep cancer from coming back when it is given after surgery) for stage 2 melanoma (skin cancer) that has not spread to other parts of the body. Nivolumab is an immunotherapy that activates a person's immune system so it can destroy cancer cells. In melanoma, staging describes the severity of the cancer. Melanoma staging ranges from 0 (very thin and confined to the upper layer of the skin) to 4 (spread to distant parts of the body), with earlier stages removed by surgery. The people in this study had stage 2 melanoma that had not spread to the lymph nodes or other organs in the body.This Plain Language Summary of Publication article (PLSP) from Future Oncology looks at the results of a study called CheckMate 76K. Melanoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes (cells that give the skin colour). The participants of the CheckMate 76K study had stage 2 melanoma that had not spread to the lymph nodes or other organs of the body. The study’s goal was to find out whether the medication, nivolumab, can work to keep the cancer coming back after surgery.

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This PLSP is based on an original article called ‘Adjuvant nivolumab in resected stage IIB/C melanoma: primary results from the randomized, phase 3 CheckMate 76K trial’ and was published in Nature Medicine.

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